A massive new study of the American religious landscape reveals big changes and powerful trends shaping the future. The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life surveyed 35,000 Americans in one of the largest research projects yet undertaken.
The U.S. Religious Landscape Survey report is over 140 pages long, but the Pew Center for Research has provided a helpful summary. Among the major findings:
- Most Americans (78.4%) identify themselves as Christians of some sort. This Christian majority seems to be a settled fact for some time to come, with trends such as Hispanic immigration bolstering these numbers.
- America's Protestant majority -- a mainstay of American life from the colonial era to the present -- is in decline and Protestant Christians will soon become a minority. The survey revealed that only 51.3% of Americans now identify as Protestants.
- Evangelicals are now the largest single group of American Christians (26.3%).
- Roman Catholics (23.9%) are the second-largest Christian grouping, though almost a third of those born into Catholic homes no longer consider themselves as Catholic. In all, almost 10% of all Americans are "former Catholics."
- Mainline Protestant churches and denominations continue to lose membership and now represent only 18.1% of the population.
- Buddhists (0.7%) outnumber Muslims (0.6%).
- Mormons (1.7%) and Muslims report the largest families.
- Those identifying as "unaffiliated" represent a fast-growing segment of the population (16.1%), including atheists (1.6%), agnostics (2.4%) and "nothing in particular" (12.1%).
- At least 27% of families are interfaith to some extent. The percentage rises to 37% if spouses of different Protestant denominations are included.
- Among younger Americans (ages 18-29) almost a quarter claim no religious affiliation.
- The Midwest is the most representative region of the country, while Evangelicals are concentrated in the South.